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팜메디랩 Self level test

미국 대학 학부 입학 전, 나에게 정말 선행학습이 필요할까?
아래 Self level Test를 통해 확인해보세요

팜메디랩 Self level test

나의 현재 Science Level을 확인해볼까요?

미국, 영국 의치약대 목표 학생은 현재 본인의 수준을 알고 철저한 대비를 해야 합니다.

미국 또는 영국 의치약대 유학을 목표로 설정한 학생들 중에서 생각보다 많은 학생들이 본인의 Science 과목들에 대한 수준과 실력을 제대로 알고 있지 못합니다. 또는 국내 고등학교에서 과학 과목들에 대해 우수한 성적을 거두었거나 국내 대학에서 화학, 생물 관련 전공을 하였던 학생들은 자만심으로 인해서 미국 또는 영국의 의치약대를 위한 학부로 입학을 하게 되도 영어만 문제 없다면 충분히 따라갈 수 있다고 생각하고 있습니다.

그런데 반드시 그렇지만은 않습니다. 한국의 Science 과목들에 대한 교과 과정과 방향성, 내용이 미국 또는 영국의 고등학교, 대학교에서 학습하는 방향 및 내용과 다른 부분이 상당히 많습니다. 따라서 국내에서 좋은 성적을 만들었다고 해서 절대로 미국이나 영국 대학에서 Science 과목에 대해 자동으로 좋은 성적을 유지할 수 있다고 생각하면 안됩니다.

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의치약대 입학을 준비하는 학생들에게 Science 과목 중
가장 기본이 되는 Chemistry와 Biology에 대해
한국과 미국, 영국간에 어떤 차이가 있는지 볼까요?

한국과 미국, 영국의 화학(Chemistry) 교육은 무엇이 다를까요?

화학

Chemistry

한국 고등학교에서 일부를 제외하곤 화학II를 선택하지 않기에 화학I으로 기준 잡겠습니다.
한국 화학은 주로 배운 공식들을 이용한 숫자 계산 문제가 높은 비중을 차지하지만, 미국 화학은 문제, 보기가 긴 줄글인 이론 위주 문제도 많이 출제됩니다. 또한, 배우는 범위에도 차이가 있습니다.

화학I 교과 내용은 화학의 언어, 원자의 모형과 주기율표, 기초적인 분자 이해, 산염기 반응으로 이루어져 있습니다.
이는 2023년도 화학I 수능 기출을 보면 알 수 있듯 대부분 문제가 퍼즐 맞추듯 푸는 계산 문제와 연관된 단원들입니다.
반면, 미국 AP 화학은 한국 화학I & II 모두 포함합니다. 위 단원들에 더해 기체 법칙, 분자간 힘과 특성, 화학 반응 속도, 열역학, 화학적 평형, 전기화학까지 범위이며 화학I만 공부한 학생으로서는 생소할 수밖에 없습니다.

한국과 미국, 영국의 생물(Biology) 교육은 무엇이 다를까요?

생물

Biology

1

생물은 용어가 거의 다라고 해도 과언이 아닐 정도로 중요합니다. 영어 용어만 새로 공부하면 되지 않나?
하는 생각은 곧 생물을 통째로 다시 공부한다는 말과 같습니다. 생1, 생2 지식이 있어도 용어를 모르면 수업시간에 내용을 따라가는 것 자체가 힘들고, 미국 학생들은 모든 생물학 용어를 영어로 이미 알고 있으니만큼 선행학습이 필요합니다.
2

미국은 커버하는 단원이 더 broad 합니다. 예를 들어 한국 교육과정 생물은 유전, 가계도 부분에서 복잡한 계산을 요구하지만 연관 (linkage)등의 개념은 크게 다루지 않습니다. 반면 미국 General biology의 기본이 되는 AP Biology만 봐도 linkage와 recombination 등을 중요한 토픽으로 짚고 넘어갑니다.
이런 식으로 더 넓은 개념을 영어로 커버해야 하기 때문에 선행학습을 해 가는 것이 좋겠습니다.
3

학점을 매우 잘 받아야 하는 상황에서 위의 1), 2)와 같은 기본기가 없으면 1학년에 바로 시작하게 되는 General Biology에서 헤매게 됩니다. 교수들도 설명을 제대로 하지 않고 문제를 내는 경우가 많습니다.

Let's give it a try test

Self Test 문제를 완벽하게 해결한다면
미국 대학 학부 1학년 GPA A학점 가능합니다.

General Chemistry

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General Biology

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AP Chemistry

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AP Biology

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AP Chemistry

(AP Chemistry는 미국 고등학교 Chemistry의 Advanced 버전입니다)

	Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)
First	730
Second	1450
Third	7700
Fourth	10,500

The ionization energies of an unknown element, X, are listed in the table above. Which of the following is the most likely empirical formula of a compound formed from element X and phosphorus, P?

(A) XP
(B) X3P
(C) X3P2
(D) X3P4

Which of the following correctly compares periodic properties of two elements and provides an accurate explanation for that difference?

(A) The first ionization energy of Al is greater than that of B because Al has a larger nuclear charge than B does.
(B) The first ionization energy of F is greater than that of O because O has a higher electronegativity than F has.
(C) The atomic radius of Ca is larger than that of Mg because the valence electrons in Mg experience more shielding than the valence electrons in Ca do.
(D) The atomic radius of Cl is smaller than that of S because Cl has a larger nuclear charge than S does.

HNO2 (aq) ⇄ H+ (aq) + NO2- (aq) Ka =4.0 ×10-4

On the basis of the information above, what is the approximate percent ionization of HNO2, in a 1.0 M HNO2(aq) solution?

(A) 0.00040%
(B) 0.020%
(C) 0.040%
(D) 2.0%

A balloon filled with 0.25 mol of He(g) at 273 K and 1 atm is allowed to rise through the atmosphere. Which of the following explains what happens to the volume of the balloon as it rises from ground level to an altitude where the air temperature is 220 K and the air pressure is 0.1 atm?

(A) The volume will increase because the decrease in air pressure will have a greater effect than the decrease in temperature.
(B) The volume will remain unchanged because of the counteracting effects of the decrease in temperature and the decrease in air pressure.
(C) The volume will decrease because the decrease in temperature will have a greater effect than the decrease in air pressure.
(D) It cannot be determined whether the volume of the balloon will increase, decrease, or remain the same without knowing the initial volume of the balloon.

Which of the following Lewis electron-dot diagrams represents the molecule that is the most polar?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

For which of the equilibrium systems represented below will the amount of product(s) at equilibrium increase if the volume of the reaction vessel is increased at a constant temperature?

(A) PC15(g) ⇄ PC13(g) + Cl2(g)
(B) 2NO(g) + O2(g) ⇄ 2NO2(g)
(C) N2(g) + O2(g) ⇄ 2NO(g)
(D) 2CO(g) ⇄ C(s) + CO2(g)

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

In an experiment a student mixes a 50.0 mL sample of 0.100 M AgNO3(aq) with a 50.0 mL sample of 0.100 M NaCl(aq) at 20.0°C in a coffee-cup calorimeter. Which of the following is the enthalpy change of the precipitation reaction represented above if the final temperature of the mixture is 21.0°C? (Assume that the total mass of the mixture is 100. g and that the specific heat capacity of the mixture is 4.2 J/(g·°C).)

(A) -84 kJ/molrxn
(B) -0.42 kJ/molrxn
(C) 0.42 kJ/molrxn
(D) 84 kJ/molrxn

Which of the following best helps to explain why CCl4 is a liquid whereas CI4 is a solid when both are at 25°C?

(A) The dipole moment of the CCl4 molecule is larger than that of the CI4 molecule because Cl is more electronegative than I.
(B) The dipole moment of the CI4 molecule is larger than that of the CCl4 molecule because there is stronger repulsion between electrons in the C-I bonds compared to the repulsion between electrons in the C-Cl bonds.
(C) The London dispersion forces are stronger in CCl4 than in CI4 because Cl is more electronegative than I.
(D) The London dispersion forces are stronger in CI4 than in CCl4 because CI4 has a more polarizable electron cloud than CCl4.

When a small amount of 12 M HNO3(aq) is added to a buffer solution made by mixing CH3NH2(aq) and CH3NH3Cl(aq), the pH of the buffer solution changes from 10.64 to 10.62. Which of the following equations represents the reaction that accounts for the fact that the pH does not change significantly when the HNO3(aq) is added?

(A) CH3NH2(aq) + H+(aq) → CH3NH3+(aq)
(B) CH3NH3+(aq) + H+(aq) → CH3NH42+(aq)
(C) NO3- (aq) + H+(aq) → HNO3(aq)
(D) OH- (aq) + H+(aq) → H2O(l)

Compound	Ksp at 25°C
Pb(OH)2(s)	1.2 × 10-15
PbI2(s)	1.4 × 10-8
PbF2(s)	4.0 × 10-8

10.

Equimolar samples of Pb(OH)2(s), PbI2(s), and PbF2(s) are placed in three separate beakers, each containing 250 mL of water at 25°C. After the solutions are stirred, solid remains in the bottom of each beaker. Based on the Ksp values for the compounds listed in the table above, a solution of which of the compounds will have the lowest [Pb2+] ?

(A) Pb(OH)2(s)
(B) PbI2(s) only
(C) PbF2(s) only
(D) Both PbI2(s) and PbF2(s) will produce solutions with the same, lowest [Pb2+].

Step 1: H2SeO3(aq) ⇄ HSeO3- (aq) + H+(aq) Ka1 = 2.1 × 10-3
Step 2: HSeO3- (aq) ⇄ SeO32- (aq) + H+(aq) Ka2 = 5.3 × 10-9

11.

The step-wise dissociation of selenous acid, H2SeO3(aq), is represented by the equations above. Which of the following best helps explain why the value of Ka2, is so much smaller than the value of Ka1?

(A) The Se atom in H2SeO3(aq) is in a higher oxidation state than the Se atom in HSeO3- (aq).
(B) Water is more attracted to HSeO3- (aq) ions than to SeO32- ions, which drives the step 2 equilibrium toward the reactant.
(C) The HSeO3- (aq) ions produced in step 1 are asymmetrical, but the SeO32- ions produced in step 2 are symmetrical.
(D) Removing the first H+ from H2SeO3(aq) requires less energy than removing the second H+, because the second H+ is removed from a negatively charged species.

H2(g) + I2(g) ⇄ 2 HI(g) Kc=50. at 600°C

12.

Equimolar samples of each of three gases, H2(g), I2(g), and HI(g), are introduced into a 3.0 L container that is heated to 600°C. According to the information above, which of the following will occur as the system approaches equilibrium?

(A) More H2(g) will be produced because Q > Kc.
(B) More I2(g) will be produced because Q < Kc.
(C) More HI(g) will be produced because Q < Kc.
(D) No change will occur because Q = Kc.

Reaction 1: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(l) ∆G° = -1010 kJ/molrxn
Reaction 2: 2NO2(g) → 2NO(g) + O2(g) ∆G° =70 kJ/molrxn
Reaction 3: 4NO2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(l) → 4HNO3(aq) ∆G° = -170 kJ/molrxn

13.

Based on the values of ∆G° for the three reactions represented above, what is the value of ∆G° for the reaction represented below?

4NH3(g) + 8O2(g) → 4HNO3(aq) + 4H2O(l)

(A) -1040 kJ/molrxn
(B) -1110 kJ/molrxn
(C) -1250 kJ/molrxn
(D) -1320 kJ/molrxn

Reaction	Keq
SO2(g) + \( \frac{1}{2} \)O2(g) ⇄ SO3(g)	K1
2SO3(g) ⇄ 2SO2(g) + O2(g)	K2

14.

Which of the following shows the relationship between K1 and K2 in the reactions represented above?

(A) K2 = (K1)2
(B) K2 = \( \sqrt{K_1} \)
(C) K2 = \(\frac{1}{{K_1}^2}\)
(D) K2 = \( \frac{1}{K_1} \)

15.

A 50.0 g sample of Fe at 100°C is added to 500.0 mL of water at 35°C in a perfectly insulated container. Which of the following statements is true?

(A) The temperature of the water will decrease.
(B) The temperature change of the Fe will have the same magnitude as the temperature change of the water.
(C) The heat energy lost by the Fe will be less than the heat energy gained by the water.
(D) The heat energy lost by the Fe will be equal to the heat energy gained by the water.

AP Biology

(AP Biology는 미국 고등학교 Biology의 Advanced 버전입니다)

What evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization of core metabolic processes offer eukaryotes?

(A) Evolution of the mitochondria allowed eukaryotes to perform respiration.
(B) With the evolution of mitochondria in eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain also evolved.
(C) Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation and they can be regulated separately.
(D) A nucleus in bacteria provides separation of respiration from transcription.

The hormone prolactin has varying effects in many different animal species. All vertebrates produce prolactin, which is involved in signal transduction pathways. In mammals, prolactin stimulates the production of milk in mammary glands. In fish, prolactin plays an important role in osmoregulation. In birds, prolactin is involved in lipid metabolism. Which of the following best explains the presence of prolactin in various vertebrate species?

(A) Though all vertebrates produce prolactin, its varied uses indicate it arose as a result of convergent evolution and not as a result of common ancestry.
(B) Prolactin is a homologous hormone because it has a common origin but different functions in various species.
(C) Prolactin will bind only to intracellular receptors in animal species with phospholipid bilayers, so its effects are varied in different species.
(D) Because of different receptors activating different signal transduction pathways within the same species, it is likely that prolactin production is a trait with highly selective pressure.

A particular gene has two alleles, a dominant allele A and a recessive allele a. The frequency of allele A is 0.55. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to the gene, then what is the expected frequency of genotype Aa?

(A) 0.203
(B) 0.303
(C) 0.405
(D) 0.495

A scientist designed an experiment to test an artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell.
The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. The scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of the membrane. After some time, the scientist measured the concentration of the protein on either side of the membrane but found that there had been no change.
Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane?

(A) Increase the solute concentration in the solution
(B) Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein
(C) Increase the temperature of the solution
(D) Add artificial aquaporins to the membrane

Which of the following best explains how the phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contributes to cellular functions?

(A) The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins.
(B) The phospholipid bilayer physically connects the nuclear envelope to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, thus increasing the rate of transcription and translation.
(C) The phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contains chemicals that digest the proteins made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
(D) The phospholipid bilayer contains enzymes that catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

The diploid number of chromosomes in the cell of a domesticated dog is 78. Which of the following options includes the correct number of chromosomes in a cell after each cellular process (G2 checkpoint, meiosis, and fertilization, respectively)?

	After G2 Checkpoint	After Meiosis	After Fertilization
(A)	156	78	39
(B)	78	39	78
(C)	156	39	78
(D)	78	78	39

Which of the following best explains why triploid bananas do not produce seeds?

(A) The cells of the banana plant are unable to replicate DNA, thus preventing cell division and limiting growth.
(B) The banana plants lack enough genetic diversity to properly hybridize.
(C) The production of gametes is disrupted because of unequal pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
(D) The production of seeds is not required because triploid plants produce gametes without fertilization.

A researcher is studying two different species. Which of the following sets of observations would best support the claim that the two species have structural similarities as a result of convergent evolution?

	Genetic Similarity	Function of Structure	Form of Structure
(A)	Low	Same	Different
(B)	Low	Different	Same
(C)	High	Same	Different
(D)	High	Different	Same

Many fish species, such as fathead minnows, release a pheromone when their skin cells are damaged. Researchers placed pike, a predator of fathead minnows, in a choice chamber and released the minnow pheromone at one end of the chamber. The researchers observed that the pike oriented themselves toward the end of the chamber where the pheromone was released. Which of the following questions will best guide a follow-up investigation about the role of pheromones in locating prey?

(A) How do pike determine that the fathead minnow pheromone is present in the water?
(B) Why do pike prey on fathead minnows?
(C) Do pike have natural predators in the environment?
(D) Do pike release pheromones that are detected by fathead minnows?

10.

Which of the following best explains why a cell's plasma membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids rather than just a single layer?

(A) Having two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allows only the hydrophilic heads to interact with water inside and outside of the cell.
(B) Having two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allows the hydrophilic heads to repel water both inside and outside of the cells.
(C) Having two identically oriented layers of phospholipids gives cells more protection from the exterior environment than just a single layer would.
(D) Having two identically oriented layers of phospholipids allows for the production of vacuoles while still maintaining a protective barrier.

11.

Which of the following best explains how the extensive folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane benefits a eukaryotic cell?

(A) It enlarges the volume of the matrix, which allows for more enzymatic reactions.
(B) It increases the area available for proteins involved in energy transfer.
(C) It allows for greater area for the diffusion of water into and out of the mitochondria.
(D) It provides better insulation for reactions in the matrix from conditions outside the mitochondria.

12.

A scientist is studying a population of lizards with three different color phenotypes. The color phenotype is controlled by a single gene with two alleles: an incompletely dominant allele A and a recessive allele a. The scientist collected data on the color of 100 lizards. The data are shown in the table.

Phenotype	Genotype	Number Observed
Red	AA	75
Purple	Aa	15
Blue	aa	10

To test the hypothesis that the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the scientist performed a chi-square test.
Which of the following values is closest to the chi-square value the scientist calculated?

(A) 0.1
(B) 1.9
(C) 18.3
(D) 23.1

13.

Carbon dioxide most likely enters a cell through which of the following processes?

(A) Simple diffusion through the membrane
(B) Facilitated diffusion through membrane proteins
(C) Active transport through membrane proteins
(D) Active transport through aquaporins

14.

In pea seeds, yellow color (Y) is dominant to green color (y), and a round shape (R) is dominant to a wrinkled shape (r). A dihybrid cross between a true-breeding plant with yellow, round seeds (YYRR) and a true-breeding plant with green, wrinkled seeds (yyrr) results in an F1 generation of plants with yellow, round seeds. Crossing two F1 plants produces an F2 generation with approximately nine times as many plants with yellow, round seeds as plants with green, wrinkled seeds.
Which of the following best explains these results?

(A) The allele pairs of each parent stay together, resulting in gametes that are identical to the parents.
(B) Gene segments on sister chromatids cross over.
(C) Alleles that are on nonhomologous chromosomes recombine.
(D) The genes for seed color and seed shape assort independently.

15.

A student calculated the average surface area-to-volume ratio of four different types of human epithelial cells. The results are shown in the table below.

Cell Type	Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
Simple squamous	9
Simple cuboidal	6
Simple columnar	4
Simple spherical	3

Based on the data, which type of cell would be best suited for the lining the alveoli of the lungs, where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen must occur very rapidly?

(A) Simple squamous cells
(B) Simple cuboidal cells
(C) Simple columnar cells
(D) Simple spherical cells

팜메디랩 Self level test > 팜메디랩

팜메디랩 Self level test

의치약대 입학을 준비하는 학생들에게 Science 과목 중 가장 기본이 되는 Chemistry와 Biology에 대해 한국과 미국, 영국간에 어떤 차이가 있는지 볼까요?

한국과 미국, 영국의 화학(Chemistry) 교육은 무엇이 다를까요?

한국과 미국, 영국의 생물(Biology) 교육은 무엇이 다를까요?

Let's give it a try test

General Chemistry

General Biology

AP Chemistry

AP Biology

의치약대 입학을 준비하는 학생들에게 Science 과목 중
가장 기본이 되는 Chemistry와 Biology에 대해
한국과 미국, 영국간에 어떤 차이가 있는지 볼까요?